Definitions of freedom from national and international
documents
The team of Shumen, Bulgaria
The
lack of compulsion, limitations in social and political life and at the
activity of a given group of people or particular members of society
The basic
human rights and freedoms have centuries-long history of formation and
confirmation. The Great Charter of Freedoms from 1215 is forerunner of human
rights regulating- right of possession, personal inviolability.
“No freemen shall be taken, or imprisoned, or
disseized, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any way harmed. Nor will we go upon,
or send upon him, save by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the
land. “
Clause XXXIX from the Great Charter
of Freedoms (MHL), 1215
The second time where these rights
are clearly and categorically confirmed is in The United States Declaration of Independence, from
“We hold
these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life,
And again
confirmed in article 1, section 9, clause
“The
Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in
cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.”
The historic French declaration of
the Rights of Man and Citizen from 1789 (the first official document еspecially devoted to the human rights), proclaiming equality between people
by birth, announcing the human right of freedom, possession, resistance
against oppression, personal freedom, freedom of thought and speech,
conscience, freedom to participate in the political life as irrevocable.
Response from these long ago passed
events we can find also in The Bulgarian Constitution, where clearly and with
patriotic sense from the just achieved freedom, is said:
“Nobody in the Principality of Bulgaria can buy or sell human beings.
Every slave from any sex, faith and nationality becomes free when they tread on
Bulgarian territory.”
Chapter XXII, article 1, clause 61 from The
Constitution of the Principality of Bulgaria.
In the same tone in XX century,
several declarations of the human rights are made, which systematize and
explain in explicit aspect the human freedoms. The most important and comprehensive
is “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights”. Precisely there we find, in a
clear aspect, the acknowledgement from all nations about the veracity of the aforesaid
and consolidating under the winged phrase: “All human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and
should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.”
Article 1 from the Universal
Declaration Of Human Rights,
“Everyone is entitled to all the
rights and freedoms set in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind,
such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no
distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or
international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs,
whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other
limitation of sovereignty.”
Article 2 from the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights,
“Everyone has the right to life,
liberty and security of person.”
Article 3 from the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights,
Exactly that is grounded on the pin
in chapter 1, article 6, paragraph
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
The freedom of religion is expressed by the right of everyone to change their
religion or belief and the freedom to manifest religion or conviction individually or collectively, in public or private, through worship, teaching,
religious observance and rituals or to refuse such activities.The contemporary democracies consider the right of
freedom of religion for something natural thanks to the comprehension that all people are born free and equal in rights.
This right is private and irreversible.It is guaranteed by the
international law and by the national law of
“Christians who are not members of
the Greek Orthodox Church or people who are not Christians without significance
if they are born in Bulgaria or they had acquired it later or foreigners
without significance if they live in Bulgaria or if they are in Bulgaria for
short time, have the freedom of religion when the fulfillment of their
observances doesn’t break the already existed laws.”
Chapter one,
clause 40 from the
Constitution of the Bulgarian principality,
This right is also guaranteed in the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
“Everyone has the right to freedom of thought,
conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or
belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or
private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and
observance.”
“No one shall be subject to
coercion which would impair his freedom to have or to adopt a religion or
belief of his choice.”
“No one
shall be subject to coercion which would impair his freedom to have or to adopt
a religion or belief of his choice.”
“Freedom to manifest
one’s religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as a
prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safely, order, health, or
morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.”
Exactly
in the same tone speaks the new Constitution of Bulgaria from
FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND
OPINION
The
freedom of speech is also risen to a veracious civil liberty. It is expressed
in everyone’s liberty to express their opinion and view publicly without
interference and pressure on the part of the public authority, practicing of
censorship or infliction a punishment. The freedom of opinion is expressed in
the liberty of formulating and supporting ideas, where freedom of speech and
opinion are in synergy.
Exactly this is reflected in the will of all the European citizens and is written into the irrevocable act of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from 10th December 1948, where in article 19 is declared: “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.”